This book aims at tracing the origin and development of neurosciences over the past several centuries from its birth-pangs in the womb of general medicine. The story has been unfolded through critical analysis and discussion of the lives and works of the great masters of neurosciences throughout the world in the past. All of them, burning a lot of midnight oil and toiling hard, while their lesser compatriots had been incessantly and persistently obstructing, criticizing, and at times, fiercely denouncing their works, have helped to illumine the dark and hazy corners of our intellectual horizon and led us to the light, knowledge and truth about the aetiopathogenesis of neurological maladies, their diagnosis, and treatment. Sometimes, such knowledge came by the wayside, totally unexpected and unanticipated, almost in a serendipitous manner, and some again were viciously challenged and discarded later after their authenticity was questioned. It is all a fascinating story of sheer human endeavour, vision, and grim determination to unfold the mysteries of the nervous system, braving all the odds and hazards in the way.  It is hoped that this book will be a handy reference manual for the post-graduate students, teachers and consultants in neurosciences and the related subjects.